On 27 April 1994, the date of the first non-racial elections and of the adoption of the Interim Constitution, all of these provinces and homelands were dissolved, and nine new provinces were established. In 1976, the homeland of Transkei was the first to accept independence from South Africa, and although this independence was never acknowledged by any other country, three other homelands – Bophuthatswana (1977), Venda (1979) and Ciskei (1981) – followed suit. Four of these homelands were established as quasi-independent nation states of the black population during the apartheid era. From the late 1950s, these areas were gradually consolidated into " homelands", also called " bantustans". Segregation of the black population started as early as 1913, with ownership of land by the black majority being restricted to certain areas totalling about 13% of the country. Provinces and homelands, as they were at the end of apartheid
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